How can one ensure the extended range of VHF communication?

Utilizing VHF repeaters is the most effective way to ensure the extended range of VHF communication. VHF repeaters are strategically located stations that receive signals on one frequency and retransmit them on another. This process can greatly extend the communication range, allowing signals to reach beyond the line of sight, which is a common limiting factor in VHF transmission due to the curvature of the Earth and obstacles such as buildings or terrain. The repeaters can effectively cover areas that would otherwise be unreachable with direct communication, providing much clearer and more reliable connectivity over greater distances.

Other methods mentioned, such as using handheld radios alone or limiting the number of users, do not inherently contribute to extending range and may, in fact, limit functionality or require more power management strategies. Similarly, choosing lower frequency bands does not apply as VHF communications are typically within higher frequency ranges (30 MHz to 300 MHz), and lower frequencies may not necessarily achieve the same clarity or quality due to their propagation characteristics. Therefore, using VHF repeaters stands out as the best solution for extending communication range in maritime operations.